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The X-ray diffraction is the ideal analysis method to obtain informations about crystalline materials structures with an atomic scale and, as in our case, in minerals and rocks. In particular, the powder diffraction allows to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of the mineralogical composition of the material investigated.

 
Rigaku diffractometer and diffractogram.

From the diffractogram obtained we can acquire the following informations:
  • from the peak position we obtain:
    • interplanar distances (Bragg's equation) -> crystallographic cell;
    • phase determination -> qualitative analysis;
  • from peaks intensity:
    • intensity of a phase (structure factor) -> structural analysis (method Ritveld)
    • intensity of more phases -> quantitative analysis (with/without standard)
  • from peaks width:
    • crystallites size;
    • crystallites deformation.


















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